Cognitivism
Cognitivism
theory is a scientifically psychological approach which study about mind as a
processor to every information that we receive.
Cognitivist try to examine the relation among perception, language,
attention, memory and thinking so that we know why we think in certain way and
how we do it continuously, either we are conscious or unconscious. Simply,
cognitivism theory explained that we can receive countless information every
day, then our mind will respond to the information by working together with
memory and emotion to create a proper respond which we will then store it in
our memory. It happens continuously, previous information that we have
processed and stored in our memory, will have role in responding to the next
information that we receive, and sometimes we can use it as such guidance on
how to respond for the upcoming information or even give insight on how to
solve the next problem which mostly expressed into what we called as language. Personally,
this cognitivism theory make me understand why sometimes I easily solve the
problems and sometimes I do not understand on how to respond to certain
information. Cognitivism concept made me realize that those problem that I can
easily solve are the problems that ever happened to me, so I have the insight,
I have known the emotion and I already have a memory about those kind of
problems, and for the new information, I do not know how to respond because I
really have no idea what the information is and it is my first time knowing
those kind of information.
Structuralism
Structuralism
concept is breaking down the consciousness into structural basic elements by
using introspection or internal perception.
This introspection considered as the easiest way in examining our consciousness
as objectively as possible to understand on how our mind completed various task
in one time. In structuralism theory, Wilhelm Wundt as the person who asserted
this theory tried to differentiate between sensation (stimulus’ effect) and
perception (brain’s interpretation to the stimulus). This has correlation with
the introspection mentioned before, as
while we in do the introspection about the basic element, we find it different
between sensation and perception that we have toward certain thing that we feel
as the we receive the stimulus. Personally, I often do introspection about
certain thing that happen in our life, and this concept of structuralism is
obviously correct in term of breaking down that basic element of something so
that we can do objective evaluation which contribute to the way we respond
toward stimulus.
Learning
Before
I learnt psychology, I always thought that learning is only a process of
knowing something that we have never known before. I was wrong not to mention
that learning is not merely process of getting new information but also change
in knowledge and behavior with the role of experience. Experience plays a big
role in part of learning with the repeated observation that we do it, either
conscious or unconscious. Conscious
observation example is when I carefully watch a video on youtube about how to
make Macaroni Schootel. I did observation, and I recalled experience related
about cooking in my memory until I successfully imitate the chef on the video
in making the food. However, there are many unconscious observations in the
process of learning in my daily activities. For instance, when I was in coffee
shop, unconsciously I watch the barista in making the coffee while I wait for
my coffee. I did not have intention to learn how to make coffee but I just
watch them while I wait. Then, there was one time I had a chance to make a
coffee, and I remember I did watch on how to make coffee even the detail on how
much each ingredients should be mixed, and
I use my memory and about the “unconscious observation” which helps me
learn how to make coffee in much more easier way.
Humanistic
Humanistic
concept explained the ability human to grow and development psychologically,
intelligently, and ethically. This concept has strong relation with Maslow
hierarchy which state that human will achieve its self-actualization step by
step, or in other words this concept emphasize about self-realization. Maslow has five steps in which human will
achieve self-actualization, as what humanistic concept is all about. Measuring
myself with those five steps, I do not really know where I am, my physiological
needed are already fulfilled, my security is also enough as I still feel safe,
and I have family and friends to complete my social stage needed, and I think I
know I am worth it for my self-esteem needed, but I do not think I already in
the stage of self-actualization, I still feel like something is missing and I
think I miss some component in previous stage before I am on the self-esteem
stage and I try to figure out which part is missing so that I can be and feel
like more human based on the humanistic concept.
Emotion
Emotion
is not equal with feeling, to be exact, emotion is not merely about feeling.
Emotion is made of three components which are physiology, psychology, and
experience. Combination of these three things produce a response or expression
toward something which called as emotion. My happy expression when I see my mom
after a long time is combination of physiology arousal (the hug that I get from
my mom), psychology appraisal (my mind and my soul process the happy stimulus
from my physiology arousal), and the experience in term of memory that I store
if I would show my happy expression which most of the time the emotion is too deep
until I cannot even describe it. In addition, in the concept of emotion, there
is cognitive which is considered to influence or affect the emotion, and I
personally agree. The cognitive concept, along with environment and background
and culture has contributed to the different emotions that human has. This due
to the fact that every human has different cognitive skill, different
background, culture and environment which hence resulted into different
emotion, and it clearly explain why every human has different emotion in term
of respond toward same issues or problems.
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